Compressing a PDF: what shrinks and what does not
The weight is in the images
A page of text is only a few kilobytes. A single photo or scanned page can be several megabytes. When a PDF is much larger than its page count suggests, images are almost always the reason.
Scans shrink the most
A scanned document is a stack of page photos. That is why a 15 MB scan can fall to 2 or 3 MB while a 300 KB text contract barely changes. Check what kind of file you have before expecting miracles.
Common size limits
Gmail’s attachment limit is 25 MB, and many application portals ask for a PDF under a megabyte or two. Aim a little below the limit, because email encoding makes attachments slightly larger than the file on disk.
Picking a setting
Quality 80 to 95 suits documents people will read closely. Around 60 to 70 is fine for drafts, receipts and forms. Below 50, photos begin to look blocky, so only go there when you must.
Keep the original
Compression is a one-way trip. Store the original somewhere safe and send the compressed copy, so you can always produce a better version later.
Over the limit by a little? Try quality 70 first. You often clear it with less visible loss than you would expect.